Reliable d₃₃ Measurement of Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays
Piezoelectric energy harvesting offers a way to power micro- and nanoscale devices by converting vibrations into electricity. Zinc oxide nanowires and nanowire arrays are especially promising due to their non-toxic, low-cost, and efficient piezoelectric properties, making them ideal for piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), MEMS/NEMS devices, and self-powered flexible microelectronics in wearables, sensors and wireless energy harvesters.
The widespread characterization method is direct piezoelectric d₃₃ measurement. Conventional devices suffer from charge leakage, mechanical instabilities, and parasitic vibrations, limiting reliable and reproducible piezoelectric coefficient characterization. A major challenge has been achieved addressing known issues and using traceable metrology.
Through the European EMPIR Horizon 2020 program, collaboration between PTB Germany, Electroscience Ltd., and aixACCT Systems GmbH developed reliable, reproducible and traceable metrology solution.
This breakthrough supports nanowire energy harvesting, flexible energy systems, and next-generation piezotronic strain devices in nanotechnology.